懸浮(fu)物表面有(you)親水和憎水之分(fen)，顆粒表面(mian)容易附著氣(qi)泡(pao)，因而可用氣浮裝置。親水性顆粒用適當(dang)的化學藥品處理(li)后可以轉為憎水(shui)性。水(shui)處理(li)中(zhong)的氣浮法，常用混凝劑使(shi)膠體顆粒(li)結成為絮體，絮體具有網絡結構，容易截留(liu)氣泡，從而提高(gao)氣浮(fu)效率。再者，水(shui)中如有表(biao)面活性劑（如洗滌劑）可(ke)形成泡(pao)沫，也有附著懸浮物一(yi)起上升的作用。
溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解在水(shui)(shui)中的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體，在水(shui)(shui)面氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)降低時就可以從水(shui)(shui)中逸出(chu)(chu)。有兩種方法：①使氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)浮裝置池上(shang)的(de)空間呈(cheng)為真空狀態，處在常(chang)壓(ya)下的(de)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)進(jin)池后(hou)即釋(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)微氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)泡，稱(cheng)真空溶(rong)(rong)(rong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)法；②空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)加(jia)壓(ya)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)入水(shui)(shui)中達到(dao)飽和(he)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)減(jian)壓(ya)進(jin)入池時即釋(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)微氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)泡，稱(cheng)加(jia)壓(ya)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)法。后(hou)者較為常(chang)用。加(jia)壓(ya)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)可以是(shi)所處理(li)水(shui)(shui)的(de)全部(bu)或(huo)一部(bu)分，也可以是(shi)池出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)的(de)回(hui)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)，回(hui)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)量占所處理(li)水(shui)(shui)量的(de)百分比稱(cheng)回(hui)流(liu)(liu)比，是(shi)影響(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)浮效(xiao)率的(de)重要(yao)因素，須(xu)由試(shi)驗(yan)確(que)定(ding)。加(jia)壓(ya)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)法的(de)設(she)備(bei)有加(jia)壓(ya)泵、溶(rong)(rong)(rong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)罐和(he)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)縮機(ji)等(deng)。溶(rong)(rong)(rong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)罐為承壓(ya)鋼(gang)筒，內部(bu)常(chang)設(she)置導流(liu)(liu)板或(huo)放置填(tian)料。溶(rong)(rong)(rong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)罐出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)通(tong)過減(jian)壓(ya)閥或(huo)釋(shi)(shi)放器進(jin)入池。
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